Algorithmic Bias; Systematic and repeatable errors in a computer system that create unfair outcomes, such as privileging one arbitrary group of users over others.

Astroturfing; The practice of masking the sponsors of a message or organization to make it appear as though it originates from grassroots participants. It's a form of artificial activism that's meant to give the appearance of a genuine social movement.

Clickbait; Web content that is designed to attract attention and encourage visitors to click on a link to a particular web page. It often uses sensationalized or misleading headlines to drive traffic.

Cognitive Bias; A systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other people and situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion.

Confirmation Bias; The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories.

Content Farm; A company that employs large numbers of writers to generate large amounts of textual content which is specifically designed to satisfy algorithms for maximal retrieval by automated search engines.

Cherrypicking: According to scienceornot.net, cherry picking occurs when "people use legitimate evidence, but not all of the evidence. They select segments of evidence that appear to support their argument and hide or ignore the rest of the evidence which tends to refute it."

Crisis Misinformation; False information spread during a crisis situation, often exacerbating the crisis and hindering effective response efforts.

Cyber Warfare; The use of digital attacks against an enemy state, causing comparable harm to actual warfare, which can include the spread of disinformation as a tactic.

Data Void; Situations where searching for answers about a keyword returns unreliable or false information due to a lack of credible sources.

Deepfake; Highly realistic and convincing digital manipulation of audio or video, often used to create false representations of individuals saying or doing things they did not.

Digital Footprint; The information about a particular person that exists on the Internet as a result of their online activity.

Digital Literacy; The ability to effectively and critically navigate, evaluate, and create information using a range of digital technologies.

Digital Propaganda; The use of digital media and technologies to spread propaganda, often involving the use of bots, fake accounts, and algorithms to amplify specific messages.

Disinformation; Deliberately false or misleading information created and disseminated with the intent to deceive or mislead. It often aims to influence public opinion or obscure the truth.

Echo Chamber; An environment, especially in a social media context, where a person only encounters information or opinions that reflect and reinforce their own.

Echo Chamber Effect; A situation in which information, ideas, or beliefs are amplified or reinforced by communication and repetition inside a defined system, often resulting in a situation where differing views are censored, underrepresented, or discredited.

Fake News; A type of disinformation presented in the format of news reporting or journalism, which is intentionally false and designed to deceive readers into believing it is true.

Fact-Checking; The process of verifying facts and assertions in text, media, or news to determine their accuracy and truthfulness.

Filter Bubble; A situation in which an internet user encounters only information and opinions that conform to and reinforce their own beliefs, caused by algorithms that personalize an individual's online experience.

Information Bubble; A state of intellectual isolation that can result from personalized searches when a website algorithm selectively guesses what information a user would like to see based on information about the user.

Information Overload; The difficulty in understanding an issue and effectively making decisions when one has too much information about that issue.

Information Silo; An insular management system in which one information system or subsystem is incapable of reciprocal operation with others that are, or should be, related.

Information Warfare; The use and management of information to gain a competitive advantage over an opponent, which may include the spread of disinformation.

Media Bias; The perceived bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media in the selection of events and stories that are reported and how they are covered.

Media Literacy; The ability to identify different types of media and understand the messages they're conveying, as well as to critically evaluate and analyze media content.

Meme Warfare; The use of memes to influence public opinion and spread ideologies, often seen in political or social contexts.

Misinformation; Information that is false, but not created or shared with the intention of causing harm. It often stems from misunderstandings, misinterpretations, or mistakes.

Misinformation Cascade; A situation where a piece of misinformation is rapidly spread and repeated across various platforms and by numerous individuals, making it difficult to correct.

Narrative Laundering; The process by which disinformation is spread through seemingly legitimate or varied sources, making it harder to trace and more credible to unsuspecting audiences.

Post-Truth; A political culture in which debate is framed largely by appeals to emotion disconnected from the details of policy, and by the repeated assertion of talking points to which factual rebuttals are ignored.

Propaganda; Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view. It often involves the use of emotional or manipulative tactics.

Psychological Operations (PsyOps); Operations intended to convey selected information and indicators to audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of governments, organizations, groups, and individuals.

Selective Exposure; The tendency to favor information which reinforces pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information.

Sensationalism; The use of exciting or shocking stories or language at the expense of accuracy, in order to provoke public interest or excitement.

Sock Puppet; A fictitious online identity created specifically to deceive, i.e., a fake persona. Sock puppet accounts differ from catfishing as the former are short-lasting, not very detailed, and not necessarily conceived for malign intent.

Social Bots; Automated software programs that use social media platforms to automatically produce messages, interact with users, or manipulate the spread of information.

Source Credibility; The level of trustworthiness and expertise attributed to a source of information.

State-controlled media; Outlets that are under editorial control or influence of the state or government.

Troll; A user who intentionally antagonises others online by posting inflammatory, insulting, or disruptive content to get attention, upset, or provoke. Persons who counter this refer to themselves as elves.

Troll/Trolling; The act of posting inflammatory, extraneous, or off-topic messages in an online community, often with the intent of provoking readers into an emotional response or disrupting normal discussion.

Viral Misinformation; False information that spreads rapidly and widely across the internet, especially through social media platforms.

Whisper Campaign; A method of persuasion in which damaging rumors or innuendo are spread about the target, typically involving anonymous or untraceable sources.